| |
|
Bibliografia
 Residuos orgánicos
- Held, C., Wellacher, M. Robra, K.H. , Gubitz, G.M.
Two-stage anaerobic fermentation of organic waste in CSTR and
UFAF-reactors.
Info Bioresource technology.Jan 2002. v. 81 (1)
p. 19-24.
The mechanically separated liquid fraction of organic waste from
households was used as a substrate for anaerobic fermentation.
A two-step system consisting of a 200 l continuously stirred tank
reactor (CSTR) and a 50 l upflow anaerobic filter filled with
glass foam pearls was constructed. The CSTR was operated for 5
months with a loading rate of 9.8 kg CSB m(-3) day(-1). At a resulting
hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 24 days, 68% COD was degraded
and a gas productivity of 4.0 m3 m(-3) day(-1) was achieved. Further
digestion of the CSTR output was separately optimised in a 20
l-UFAF and based on these results a 50 l-UFAF was connected to
the CSTR. At a resulting hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 6 days
38% COD was degraded and a gas productivity of 1.8 m3 m(-3) day(-1)
was achieved with the 50 l-UFAF. Thus, the overall degradation
efficiency of the two-phase system was 80%. The methane content
(61%) of the biogas produced in the 50 l-UFAF was higher than
that for the CSTR (47%). The effluent from the second stage of
the two-phase system was odourless and could thus be re-used in
the composting process.
- Chen, C.C., Lin, C.Y. , Lin, M.C.
Acid-base enrichment enhances anaerobic hydrogen production process.
Info Applied microbiology and biotechnology.Feb 2002. v. 58 (2)
p. 224-228.
This study offers a novel and quick enrichment technology that
can be used as a preliminary method to obtain a hydrogen-producing
species from the biological sludge produced by wastewater treatment.
The influences of acid-base enrichment (by sludge pH adjustment)
on the anaerobic hydrogen-producing microorganisms were investigated
using serum bottle assays. The enrichment pH values were controlled
at 3, 4, 5, 7, 10, 11 and 12 with 1 N hydrochloric acid and 1
N sodium hydroxide. For each enrichment pH, the cultivation pH
values were controlled at 5, 6 and 7. Based on the experimental
results, hydrogen accumulation from sludge with acid or base enrichment
is higher than that of the control. The hydrogen-production potential
of the sludge with acid or base enrichment is 200 and 333 times
enhanced, compared with the control, when the enrichment pH is
10 and 3, respectively. The enhancement is due to a shortening
of the micro-organisms' lag-time which occurs at a proper cultivation-pH
level.
- Lopez, M.J. , Elorrieta, M.A., Vargas-Garcia, M.C. , Suarez-Estrella,
F. Moreno, J.
The effect of aeration on the biotransformation of lignocellulosic
wastes by white-rot fungi.
Info Bioresource technology.Jan 2002. v. 81 (2)
p. 123-129.
The mineralisation and the humification of organic matter (OM)
in sterile horticultural plant wastes inoculated with Coriolus
versicolor or Phanerochaete flavido-alba was investigated under
different aeration rates in order to determine their efficacy
as potential inoculants for composting. The change in elemental
composition, lignin content and OM fractions was analysed during
a 90-day incubation. Both fungi degraded 30% of lignin at low
aeration rates. Different aeration rates led to significant changes
in OM mineralisation induced by C. versicolor, but did not have
noticeable effect on P. flavido-alba activity. The mineralisation
was more effectively carried out by P. flavido-alba than by C.
versicolor. Lignin degradation and the linked humification process
were equally achieved by the two fungi and were enhanced in aerated
conditions. The fungi analysed may facilitate the composting of
lignocellulosic wastes by means of an increase in substrate bioavailability
and OM humification.
- Pascual, J.A. , Moreno, J.L. , Hernandez, T., Garcia, C.
Persistence of immobilised and total urease and phosphatase activities
in a soil amended with organic wastes.
Source Info Bioresource technology.Mar 2002. v. 82 (1)
p. 73-78.
This paper reports on the persistence of total and immobilised
enzyme activities (urease and phosphatase) in a soil amended with
organic wastes containing high levels of total-urease and phosphatase
activity. Fresh organic materials showed the highest values for
both total-enzymatic activities. The addition of organic waste
to soil increased both total-enzymatic activities in the soil,
which, after 360 days, showed values above those of the control.
Immobilised enzymes were also higher in the fresh wastes than
in the soil with compost, while the specific enzymatic activity
levels (enzymatic activity per unit of carbon) were similar. The
immobilised urease activity was greater in the amended soil than
in the control. At the beginning of the incubation period, the
immobilised urease activity was significantly higher in the soil
amended with fresh organic wastes than with compost. However,
this activity decreased with incubation, whilst the compost-immobilised
urease activity increased with time. The effect of organic amendment
on immobilised phosphatase activity was similar to that shown
by immobilised urease but less pronounced. The persistence of
both enzymes was significantly higher in the soil amended with
compost than in that amended with fresh materials.
- Salminen, E. , Rintala, J.
Anaerobic digestion of organic solid poultry slaughterhouse waste--a
review.
Info Bioresource technology.May 2002. v. 83 (1)
p. 13-26.
This work reviews the potential of anaerobic digestion for material
recovery and energy production from poultry slaughtering by-products
and wastes. First, we describe and quantify organic solid by-products
and wastes produced in poultry farming and poultry slaughterhouses
and discuss their recovery and disposal options. Then we review
certain fundamental aspects of anaerobic digestion considered
important for the digestion of solid slaughterhouse wastes. Finally,
we present an overview of the future potential and current experience
of the anaerobic digestion treatment of these materials.
- Anikwe, M.A.N.
Long term effect of municipal waste disposal on soil properties
and productivity of sites used for urban agriculture in Abakaliki,
Nigeria.
Info Bioresource technology.July 2002. v. 83 (3)
An assessment on the impact of long term (20 years) municipal
waste disposal on soil physicochemical properties and soil productivity
in municipal waste dump sites was carried out in urban Abakaliki,
southeastern Nigeria. Profile pits were dug at selected points
and auger and core samples were collected from different soil
horizons of dump and non-dump sites using free survey technique
to choose observation points. There were differences in particle
size distribution between dump and non-dump sites. Similarly,
soil bulk density was lower by 9-13% while total porosity and
hydraulic conductivity were higher by 9-14% and 240-463%, respectively,
in the dump site relative to non-dump sites. Soil organic matter,
total nitrogen, cation exchange capacity (CEC) and percent base
saturation increased from 701 to 743, 646 to 740, 7% to 10% and
5% to 14%, respectively, in the dump site soil relative to non-dump
site soil. These results were confirmed by a high coefficient
of alienation (degree of unrelatedness,) in bulk density, 0.65;
total porosity, 0.58; hydraulic conductivity, 0.87; organic matter,
0.93; total N, 0.82; pH, 0.85 and cation exchange capacity, 0.97
between dump and non-dump soils. Heavy metals (Pb, Cu, Fe and
Zn) increased by between 214% and 2040% in dump site soils relative
to non-dump site soil. This may lead to increased uptake of metals
by some test crops although their transfer ratios differ from
crop to crop. Long term dumping of municipal wastes can influence
soil properties and productivity at municipal waste dump sites
but still may be used for farming provided that ecotoxological
risks associated with its usage are continuously assessed and
controlled.
- Orlando, U.S., Baes, A.U., Nishijima, W., Okada, M.
A new procedure to produce lignocellulosic anion exchangers from
agricultural waste materials.
Info Bioresource technology.July 2002. v. 83 (3)
p. 195-198.
Two lignocellulosic agricultural waste materials (LCM), sugarcane
bagasse (BG) and rice hull (RH), were converted into weak-base
anion exchanger and evaluated for their exchanger capacity for
nitrate. Pure cellulose (PC) and pure alkaline lignin (PL) were
also used as reference materials to elucidate possible reactivity
in LCM. Epoxy and amino groups were introduced into BG, RH, PC
and PL substrates after the reaction with epichlorohydrin and
dimethylamine in the presence of pyridine and an organic solvent
N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF). Amino group incorporation into cellulose
decreased with the presence of water in the reaction mixture and
increased with the reaction time and presence of a catalyst (pyridine).
The highest maximum nitrate exchange capacity (Qmax) and yields
of the prepared exchangers was obtained from PL (1.8 mmol g-1
and 412.5%), followed by BG (1.41 mmol g-1 and 300%), PC (1.34
mmol g-1 and 166%) and RH (1.32 mmol g-1 and 180%). The proposed
synthetic procedure was effective in modifying PL, PC and LCM
chemically resulting in a higher yield and nitrate removal capacity.
- Guardia, A. de.,Brunet, S., Rogeau, D., Matejka, G.
Fractionation and characterisation of dissolved organic matter
from composting green wastes.
Info Bioresource technology.July 2002. v. 83 (3)
p. 181-187.
A new fractionation procedure using membrane ultrafiltration (UF),
followed by chemical characterisation - measurement of total organic
carbon (TOC), chemical oxygen demand (COD) and organic nitrogen
and spectroscopic study - was applied to aqueous extracts of composting
green wastes. Three membranes of molecular weight (MW) cut-offs
of 1, 10 and 100 kDa were used. The study demonstrated the first
step of the transfer of organic matter from the solids to the
aqueous biofilm surrounding the solids. The microbiological consumption
of the dissolved organic matter mainly used molecules smaller
than 1 kDa, while the aromatisation of the organic matter, observed
after 100 days composting, involved molecules larger than 10 kDa.
- McKendry, P.
Energy production from biomass. 1. Overview of biomass.
Info Bioresource technology.May 2002. v. 83 (1)
p. 37-46.
The use of renewable energy sources is becoming increasingly necessary,
if we are to achieve the changes required to address the impacts
of global warming. Biomass is the most common form of renewable
energy, widely used in the third world but until recently, less
so in the Western world. Latterly much attention has been focused
on identifying suitable biomass species, which can provide high-energy
outputs, to replace conventional fossil fuel energy sources. The
type of biomass required is largely determined by the energy conversion
process and the form in which the energy is required. In the first
of three papers, the background to biomass production (in a European
climate) and plant properties is examined. In the second paper,
energy conversion technologies are reviewed, with emphasis on
the production of a gaseous fuel to supplement the gas derived
from the landfilling of organic wastes (landfill gas) and used
in gas engines to generate electricity. The potential of a restored
landfill site to act as a biomass source, providing fuel to supplement
landfill gas-fuelled power stations, is examined, together with
a comparison of the economics of power production from purpose-grown
biomass versus waste-biomass. The third paper considers particular
gasification technologies and their potential for biomass gasification.
Residuos
industriales
- Dewulf, J.P., Langenhove, H.R. van.
Quantitative assessment of solid waste treatment systems in the
industrial ecology perspective by exergy analysis.
Environmental science & technology.Environmental science &
technology (Easton, Pa.)Mar 1, 2002. v. 36 (5)
Pages p. 1130-1135.
- Adhvaryu, A., Erhan, S.Z.
Epoxidized soybean oil as a potential source of high-temperature
lubricants.
Industrial crops and products.May 2002. v. 15 (3)
Pages p. 247-254.
Abstract Development and application of biocompatible lubricants
are increasing daily as a result of stringent regulations imposed
on mineral oil-based lubricants with their non-biodegradable toxic
wastes. Before consumer acceptance of vegetable oil-based lubricants,
they must overcome certain poor performance characteristics such
as thermal and oxidative instabilities. This work demonstrates
the improved performance of epoxidized soybean oil (ESBO) over
soybean oil (SBO) and genetically modified high oleic soybean
oil (HOSBO) in certain high temperature lubricant application.
We validated the thermal and deposit forming tendencies of these
oils using micro-oxidation and differential scanning calorimetry
in conjunction with identification of oxidized products by infrared
spectroscopy and also discussed the function of a phenolic antioxidant
in these oils. Boundary lubrication properties under high load
and low speed were determined and the variations explained based
on the structural differences of these vegetable oils.
- Slavikova, E., Kosikova, B., Mikulasova, M.
Biotransformation of waste lignin products by the soil-inhabiting
yeast Trichosporon pullulans.
Canadian journal of microbiology.Mar 2002. v. 48 (3)
Pages p. 200-203.
- Jagadeeswaran, R, Singaram, P. ,Murugappan, V. .
Industrial waste ferrogypsum--a substitute for gypsum to alleviate
sodicity.
Australian journal of experimental agriculture.2002. v. 42 (3)
(ABBREV TITLE = Aust. j. exp. agric.)
Pages p. 309-313.
Note In the special issue: Sodicity issues in agricultural industries--Current
research and future directions. Paper presented at a conference
held February 28-March 1,2000, Tatura, Victoria, Australia.
- Chakraborty, N., Sarkar, G.M., Lahiri, S.C.
Biomethanation of a cellulose-based substrate in the presence
and absence of a cellulolytic bacterium.
World journal of microbiology & biotechnology.June 2002. v.
18 (4)
Pages p. 321-324.
- Schuhmacher, M., Rodriguez-Larena, M.C., Agramunt, M.C., Diaz-Ferrero,
J., Domingo, J.L.
Environmental impact of a new hazardous waste incinerator in Catalonia,
Spain: PCDD/PCDF levels in herbage samples.
Chemosphere.July 2002. v. 48 (2)
Pages p. 187-193.
- Dias, A.C.P. Fernandes, P., Cabral, J.M.S. ,Pinheiro, H.M.
Isolation of a biodegradable sterol-rich fraction from industrial
wastes.
Bioresource technology.May 2002. v. 82 (3)
Pages p. 253-260.
Several industrial waste materials were screened for their sterol
content. The possibility of using these industrial by-products
as sterol sources for the microbiological production of 4-androsten-3,17-dione
(AD) and 1,4-androsta-diene-3,17-dione (ADD) was investigated.
Two methods of obtaining the sterol fraction from wastes were
developed. Sterol-rich (96-98%) fractions were isolated in a yield
above 70%, from a tall-oil effluent of a paper pulp industry and
from edible-oil deodorizates. These fractions were subsequently
used as a substrate for microbial degradation by a Mycobacterium
sp. strain and proved to be easily converted to AD and ADD.
Residuos
peligrosos
- Leenheer, J.A. Hsu, J., Barber, L.B.
Transport and fate of organic wastes in groundwater at the Stringfellow
hazardous waste disposal site, southern California.
Journal of contaminant hydrology.Oct 2001. v. 51 (3/4)
Pages p. 163-178.
- Pollumaa, L. Other Author Maloveryan, A., Trapido, M,. Sillak,
H., Author Kahru, A.
Study of the environmental hazard caused by the oil shale industry
solid waste.
Alternatives to laboratory animals : ATLA.May/June 2001. v. 29
(3)
Pages p. 259-267.
The environmental hazard was studied of eight soil and solid waste
samples originating from a region of Estonia heavily polluted
by the oil shale industry. The samples were contaminated mainly
with oil products (up to 7231 mg/kg) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
(PAHs; up to 434 mg/kg). Concentrations of heavy metals and water-extractable
phenols were low. The toxicities of the aqueous extracts of solid-phase
samples were evaluated by using a battery of Toxkit tests (involving
crustaceans, protozoa, rotifers and algae). Waste rock and fresh
semi-coke were classified as of "high acute toxic hazard",
whereas aged semi-coke and most of the polluted soils were classified
as of "acute toxic hazard". Analysis of the soil slurries
by using the photobacterial solid-phase flash assay showed the
presence of particle-bound toxicity in most samples. In the case
of four samples out of the eight, chemical and toxicological evaluations
both showed that the levels of PAHs, oil products or both exceeded
their respective permitted limit values for the living zone (20
mg PAHs/kg and 500 mg oil products/kg); the toxicity tests showed
a toxic hazard. However, in the case of three samples, the chemical
and toxicological hazard predictions differed markedly: polluted
soil from the Erra River bank contained 2334 mg oil/kg, but did
not show any water-extractable toxicity. In contrast, spent rock
and aged semi-coke that contained none of the pollutants in hazardous
concentrations, showed adverse effects in toxicity tests. The
environmental hazard of solid waste deposits from the oil shale
industry needs further assessment.
- Guerrin, F.
MAGMA: a simulation model to help manage animal wastes at the
farm level.
Computers and electronics in agriculture.Dec 2001. v. 33 (1)
Pages p. 35-54.
Abstract MAGMA is a hybrid dynamical system (HDS; i.e. with both
continuous and discrete-valued variables) allowing the simulation
of management of various kinds of animal manure or slurry production
and utilization modes (waste spreading on cultivated crops and
fallow land and compost making) It can support decision-making
to help better manage such potentially hazardous organic matter
(OM) at the farm level with the aims of environmental risk minimization,
agricultural efficiency and farming sustainability. One can define
several scenarios based on farm structural parameters in MAGMA,
for example, animal and crop production characteristics, capacity
of manure or slurry spreading equipment, and distances. Each scenario
can be tailored according to several management strategies by
using switch constants. This paper describes the core of the model,
enabling the simulation and scheduling of actions (crop harvest,
manure or slurry spreading, etc.) that consume those wastes according
to various uses. The use of the model in simulation is explained
and a detailed example is given on how it can contribute in choosing
alternative management strategies.
- Sauer, B., Franklin, W., Miner, R., Word, D., Upton, B.
Environmental tradeoffs: life cycle approach to evaluate the burdens
and benefits of emission control systems in the wood panel industry.
Forest products journal.Mar 2002. v. 52 (3)
Pages p. 50-59.
This life cycle inventory was conducted for the American Forest
& Paper Association in order to develop a more complete picture
of the burdens associated with various emission control technologies
currently used in the wood products industry. Control technologies
evaluated included biofilters, regenerative thermal oxidation
units (RTOs), and regenerative catalytic oxidation units. The
control technologies are used to reduce emissions of volatile
organic compounds (VOCs) and hazardous air pollutants (HAPs) from
press and dryer exhaust streams at plants producing a variety
of wood products. If the evaluation of emissions control systems
is limited to an evaluation of their efficiency in controlling
on-site emissions, significant on- and off-site environmental
burdens associated with the operation of control systems can be
overlooked. The study found that employing a systems approach
to evaluate the emission control technologies clearly identifies
the trade-offs involved in controlling VOC and HAP emissions from
panel plant press and dryer vents. The control technologies under
consideration reduce life cycle HAP and particulate emissions
and, in most cases, VOC emissions. These on-site reductions come
at the expense of higher energy consumption and associated increases
in life cycle emissions of nitrogen oxides, sulfur oxides, greenhouse
gases, and solid waste, as well as a variety of fossil fuel combustion-related
HAPs including hydrochloric acid, hydrofluoric acid, and mercury.
Projections of the effects on energy, greenhouse gases, and VOC
and HAP emissions are made based on the use of RTO technology
to control panel plant emissions industry-wide.
- Schuhmacher, M., Rodriguez-Larena, M.C., Agramunt, M.C., Diaz-Ferrero,
J., Domingo, J.L.
Environmental impact of a new hazardous waste incinerator in Catalonia,
Spain: PCDD/PCDF levels in herbage samples.
Chemosphere.July 2002. v. 48 (2)
Pages p. 187-193.
Proyectos
europeos
- RECBUILD
Advanced Building materials obtained by
Recycling toxic wastes and fly ashes
Category: Project
Programme: BRITE/EURAM 2
- CHEM
Chemical Emergency Management decision support system
Category: Other
Programme: JRC-ENVPROT 5C
Extract: Developed by JRC to identify the levels of threat related
to the most common types of accidents involving polychlorinated
biphenyls (PCB's) and other toxic compounds contained in soot,
incinerator fly ash, polluted soils and industrial wastes....
-
PETRA Plant for Evaluating and Testing
of Radioactive waste management Alternatives
Category: Facility
Programme: JRC-RADWASTE 6C
Extract: Facility at JRC-Ispra designed to simulate the handling
of high-level and medium-level radioactive wastes and to devise
treatments for waste that are safer and cheaper. Consists of three
'hot cells', or processing areas for highly radioactive materials,
areas for decontamination, a pool for storing waste, and a 'hot'
workshop....
- ECOGYPS
Manufacture of a high capacity, acoustic absorption new material,
based on phospho-Gypsum and casting sands wastes
Category: Project
Programme: CRAFT
- TRIREPACK
Recovery Recycling and Reuse of Packaging materials from post
consumer wastes
Category: Project
Programme: BRITE/EURAM 2
- TAC
Torus Access Cabin
Category: Other
Extract: The Waste Management Group of the JRC is responsible
for provision of facilities in support of interventions and shutdowns,
respiratory protection equipment and disposal of radioactive and
beryllium wastes. This includes also the Torus Access Cabin, which
enables personnel to access the JET vessel in a manner which prevents
the spread of radioactive contamination beyond controlled areas....
- BACCHUS
Backfilling Control experiment for High level wastes in Underground
Storage
Category: Project
Programme: RADWASTOM 4C
- AD-NETT
Anaerob Digestion of agro-industrial wastes - information Network
Category: Project
Programme: FAIR
- SIDWASTE
Separation and Immobilization of Drilling Wastes
Category: Project
Programme: NNE-THERMIE C
- SURE-PLAST
Development of multipurpose industrial units for recycling of
plastic wastes by on-line pattern recognition of polymer features
Category: Project
Programme: BRITE/EURAM 3
- VAWAFO
Valorisation of Wastes from Food Origin
Category: Project
Programme: ENV 2C
- INTELLTHERMCONTROL
Category: Project
Programme: LIFE QUALITY
Extract: Project acronym is not derived from project title, which
is: Enhanced, intelligent processing of food and related wastes
using thermophilic populations....
- ENVIMAN
ENV Ironmental MANagement of hazardous
mining wastes and effluents
Category: Project
Programme: INCO 2
- WATER
BIOREMEDIATION Development of environmentally
benign, sustainable industrial technologies for the remediation
of industrial wastes and petrochemicals contaminated sites using
newly isolated and designed microorganisms.
Category: Project
Programme: INCO 2
- MIAB
Enhanced, Intelligent Processing of Food and Related Wastes using
Thermophilic Populations
Category: Project
Programme: LIFE QUALITY
- PHEAWAST
PHEnolic more ecologicAl resins. Development of control and reuse
new systems in prepereg manufacture, avoiding WASTEs
Category: Project
Programme: GROWTH
- WASWAX
Waxes from fruit wastes
Category: Project
Programme: FAIR
- COMPAS
COMParison of Alternative waste management Strategies for long-lived
radioactive wastes
Category: Project
Programme: FP5-EAECTP C
- RECOVEG
REcycling horticultural wastes to produce pathogen suppressant
COmposts for sustainable VEGetable crop production
Category: Project
Programme: LIFE QUALITY
- WASSERGLASS
WASSERGLASS in leather production (in order to minimize tannery
wastes)
Category: Project
Programme: GROWTH
|
|
|
|
